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Your child’s room should look cozy, comfortable, & also unusual. There is nothing like firing a child’s imagination by designing his/her furniture with cardboard, & involving them in the process too. There are many reasons why you should opt for this material in the children’s room. Firstly, they are affordable, & secondly, they can be easily discarded with your own expertise. From making a fake sofa out of cardboard boxes & covering it with fabric for a party, to cardboard chairs, cardboard furniture is not only comfortable but lightweight & strong.

METHOD:-

Craftsmanship may be required to a certain extent but knowing how to go about making furniture that can fit in well into the room & serve effectively, is important. For example, to make a stool that is foldable like a cardboard package & flattens entirely, you would need a 4’x4’ cardboard sheet. This stool, developed from a folded paper design exploration, involves many small folded joints, cardboard furniture is simple, low cost, strong, & can be designed in a variety of colors. The objects to be designed can be pieces of furniture like table, bed, & cupboards. This kind of furniture also gives your child easy access & the flexibility to use it as he pleases. Your child can scribble on it & paint it a different shade each time. However, make sure that the furniture does not have jagged edges that will hurt the child; it should be sturdy enough to hold the child’s weight. Involve your child in choosing the furniture. Ask him/her what she wants-a scribbling board, a side table for the bed, or a small stool. Accordingly design the furniture & give your child the right ambience.

Creating a play space for children is not exactly child’s play. It requires careful consideration of many factors and implementation with attention to detail, as one can never take a risk when it comes to children and their safety.

Ideally, it should be fairly large space as children love to run around and dislike being confined to small areas. However, if you have a space constraint, you can create a play space within a larger room in one corner of it usually. Nevertheless, there are certain rules that hold good for any play area whether big or small, indoors or outdoors.

See that the play space receives lots of fresh air and natural light as this is necessary for both health and safety reasons. If there is any inadequacy on this front because of the way your house is built then make up with plenty of artificial light, and fans or air conditioners. The flooring should be smooth and without grooves or jagged surfaces and the light switches and plugs in the wall of the room should be fixed high up. Also, keep away all fragile objects, as well as anything, which is sharp or jagged like nails, knives, etc. from this space. If the space is outdoors, see that the area is smooth and sandy and does not have any water bodies nearby. If a water body is needed, a small and sturdy inflatable pool is better whether for indoors or outside use.

In the indoor space, the room should have enough cupboards for storing toys, games, other play equipment, and books. If there aren’t any built-in cupboards then place cabinets or side tables but without any recesses which are too deep. A wall mounted backboard is also an essential element though the height must be low enough for the child’s easy use. Children love to race their toy cars or trucks so see that the play space is well-endowed lengthwise. If the play-room’s dimensions do not permit that, then combine the area with a hallway or corridor. Also, keep only a part of the play-room carpeted as the rest of the space is needed for racing those cars or running their trains. Also, a bare floor is best then they are playing with crayons, paints, and clay. The seating should be comfortable and bean bags, soft durries, low divans, and plastic chairs and tables are good choices for this room. Nowadays, many furniture showrooms sell specially designed tables and chairs for children. They have products ideal for indoor use as will as for the garden and backyards. You can even buy a readymade swing and slide or get these installed by a carpenter in the garden area. However, make a careful check of the safety standards of any such equi8pment you are installing.

If there are two children sharing a playroom or play space, then it is better to make two separate, well-demarcated areas for them within a room. For example, have two sets of tables and chairs so each has a space for painting and playing. Also, storage areas for their play equipment, paint boxes, books, etc., must be kept separate and preferably one each on either side of the room so each kid feels he has a special corner all to himself.

The world changes, progresses and grows every day, although at a different rate most of the time. But fashion is here to stay, and it changes along with other things. After all, change is the only permanent thing in this world.

          Before, fashion fever involved only the adults, but today’s modern world has greatly changed. Even children are already in line with fashion trends. The fashion industry now caters to children’s designer clothing. Young children can now enjoy a varied and extensive range of fashion clothes, which helps them to set a fashion trend of their own.

          Children of today’s times are inclined towards aesthetics, originality, and beauty. Clothing stores for children provide a wide range of clothing choices for boys and girls; and so your little one is taught to choose a particular fashion trend at a very early age.

          Clothing lines today are equally attractive as children’s toys. There is an increasing awareness among children about the value of wearing fashionable clothes. They can indulge in denims with good embroidery, hooded sweatshirts with kangaroo pockets, baby doll dresses and micro-minis in vibrant colours like pink, blue, red & brown. Just a touch of bright color adds light to almost any piece of clothing from jeans to shoes kids love tryi8ng on things that their parents wear, and local clothing stores, offer boys suits, shirts, trousers and girls dresses and capes. They also offer unisex items, along with children’s accessories like bow ties, booties, and shoes. Kids clothing have to be altered according to their taste they do not look up to any fashion week.

          Hence, do not let your child be left behind; give them the opportunity to keep up withy fashion trends. Let them choose clothes, which they feel are comfortable to wear and makes them look great.

Sandwiched between ‘self employed’ & ‘self-evident’ in dictionaries is ‘self-esteem’: a good opinion of oneself. It’s something children can do with, considering the increasing number of student suicides, campus shootouts. But, what seems such a free and easy state of being could actually be the trickiest to achieve.

          Pegged at Number 4 in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, self-esteem precedes self-actualization which sits at the apex of this pyramidal theory of human motivation. In adequate esteem results in discouragement and feelings of inferiority, he explained.

          Although poor self-esteem lies at the core of social turmoil, from inner angst expressed as aggression to communication breakdown on the personal front and at the work-place, it’s still an underrated quality, agree mental health experts. “Self-esteem in equally vital in the corporate world. A person’s state of well-being definitely sends positive motivation down the line,” says Mehul Kuwadis, CEO of Grey Cells, a training consultancy. While self-esteem generates a ripple effect and develops mutual respect in office, Kuwadia warns, “A fine line divides esteem from ego. False pride shouldn’t block progress.”

          If low self-esteem triggers the classic superiority complex, there are tougher things to come to terms with. The strangest syndromes, apparently unconnected with esteem, very often are. Take the case of a man whose fear of flying is extended to sick reactions like extreme acidity each time he has to board a flight. While it obviously made him an infrequent traveler, his psychoanalyst discovered he was not only frustrated at this “failing” but also resented a wealthier wife. As she dug deeper, the therapist unraveled self-esteem disturbances dating back to child-hood insecurity and envy of a younger brother suddenly becoming the centre of attraction for his family, a problem that made her patient’s own sense of worth plummet.

          Ruta Vyas, who conducts self-esteem workshops for children ad corporate groups, blames the patriarchal structure of society where a woman’s worth is defined by prescribed standards and expectations. “A woman’s life is seldom hers, claimed by those who ‘depend’ on her. To fulfill these roles, she does not see her-self as an individual with her choices but, unhappily, as an enabler of other people’s priorities,” says Vyas.

          An alarming aspect is that self-worth can be synonymous with warped body image perception. Calories count as they mount in weight-conscious urban India. Thanks to the women’s movement though, attention has been paid in recent years to the need to nurture self-esteem among girls.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that shows up in young children, usually in their pre-school or kindergarten years but, in some cases, it can get worse when a child becomes at teenager. ADHD makes it hard for kids to control their behavior & pay attention. Many children have this condition & it is very normal for a few kids in one classroom to have it. The characteristics of a child or teen with ADHD will vary. They might be impulsive, hyperactive, inattentive or a combination of all three. Children with ADHD might always be on the go, fidgeting or wriggling. Homework is hard for children with ADHD as well. It’s hard for them to concentrate & they cannot keep their mind on what they’re supposed to be doing.

A CHILD WITH ADHD WILL EXHIBIT THE FOLLOWIGN BEHAVIOUR:

·        Difficulty sustaining attention

·        Is easily distracted

·        Often does not seem to listen

·        Often does not complete activities

·        Loses things

·        Often interrupts or intrudes on others

·        Has difficulty awaiting turn in groups

·        Often blurts out answers to questions

·        Often engages in physically dangerous activities without considering the consequences

·        Talks excessively

·        Has difficulty playing quietly

·        Often fidgets or squirms in seat

·        Difficulty following instructions.

CAUSES OF ADHD

·        Genetic Factors. The fact that ADHD tends to run in families suggests that children may inherit a tendency to develop ADHD from their parents.

·       Chemical Imbalances. Imbalances of the chemicals that help nerve cells in the brain communicate with each other.

·        Premature birth.

·        Exposure to toxins such as lead.

·        Poor nutrition, infections & substance abuse (including cigarette & alcohol use) during pregnancy may be contributing factors, since they can affect the development of the baby’s brain.

HOW TO H&LE A CHILD WITH ADHD

          It’s important to have realistic expectations & not ask more of your child. Break large assignments or job tasks into small, simple tasks. Set a deadline for each task.

·        Don’t let your child listen to music while completing assignments. Don’t watch television while your child is studying in the next room.

·        Put schoolbags, clothing, & toys in the same place every day so your child will be less likely to lose them.

·        Try to remain patient & in control – even when your child is out of control. If you speak quietly & calmly, your child is more likely to calm down, too. Avoid shouting or spanking. Timeouts or removal of privileges as consequences for inappropriate behavior is effective method to discipline.

·        Children with ADHD usually respond well to positive reinforcement. Offer praise when your child stays seated, doesn’t call out, or waits his or her turn, instead of criticizing when he or she doesn’t.

·        A child with ADHD may tend to see his or her mistakes as huge failures, through good humored acceptance of your own mistakes the child will learn to accept his/her mistakes positively. Mistakes & problems are not the end of the world.

·        A child with ADHD may have difficulty concentrating while reading to him, but does much better when listening to someone read aloud. Let your child learn new information by reading to him, listening to a book on tape, or watching videotape.

Helping children with ADHD build close peer relationships is an important goal to focus on. Be proactive in calling your child’s friends over to spend some time.

          There is a lot of work needed in the area of children’s mental health,” says Dr Shoba Srinath, professor, department of psychiatry at the National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore. The institute is one of the handfuls in India with a full-fledged child & adolescent psychiatry unit. We still seem far from having & exclusive hospital working for the mental health of younger people, like the Bradley Hospital in United States, which was opened as far back as 1931.

          Hospitals, of course, can come only if we realize the magnitude of the problem. The World Health Organization indicates that by the year 2020, childhood neuropsychiatry disorders, internationally, will rise proportionately by over 50%, to become one of the five most common causes of morbidity, mortality, & disability among children. But there are hardly any figures or researches in India that show the mental, emotional & behavioral problems being faced by the children today. “The issue is huge, but the level of intervention is at an infantile stage,” says Dr Deepak Gupta, child & adolescent psychiatrist at Delhi’s Sir Ganga Ram Hospital. “We need to have adequate systems at all levels to provide positive mental health to kids. For this, we need big epidemiological studies & data.” While a few community surveys have been done on the subject, they mostly take into account severe problems such as mental retardation & epilepsy, leaving out other serious issues like behavior problems & Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

          Experts agree that academic & learning related problems need to be examined along with mental health problems of children. Probably the only report on the subject that they can refer to is the 2001 data released by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Based on the study, conducted in Bangalore & Lucknow in 1997, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders was observed to be 12.8% in 1-16-year-olds. Though this number is less than the general figures in the West (20-30%), the fact remains that we still don’t have enough recent data to get a true picture.

          But then experience doesn’t lie either. Child clinical psychologists, psychiatrists & counselors don’t hesitate to admit a rise in the incidence of mental & emotional problems faced by kids today. “I see many more cases of anxiety & panic attacks among students today,” says Geetanjali Kumar, a counselor with Delhi’s Hansraj Model School who has been working in the field for 14 years. Dr PC Shastri, the Mumbai-based president of the Indian Association for Child & Adolescent Mental Health (IACAM), says that in the last 10 years, there has been almost a 400% increase in mental health problems for children. “Twenty years ago, adults were cautioned that stress could worsen problems like ulcers. Today, even children have it,” he says. A 2004 report in Lancet had stated that teenagers in Vellore in Tamil Nadu had the highest suicide rate in the world. It found that the average suicide rate for male almost 4 & 70 times higher, respectively, than that in developed western countries. The suicide rate for females in the age group was 148 per 100,000. In the UK, the corresponding figure is 2.1.

          Even if we accept & understand the disturbing scenario, there are few immediate remedies. “India doesn’t have enough human power trained to deal with mental problems in childhood,” says Dr Srinath of NIMHANS. We need more psychologists, psychiatrists, super-specialized pediatricians & counselors, as well as more regional centers for mental health. While the 11^th Five-Year Plan is concentrating on mental health care, we need to work in more directions to cover the ground already lost.

          The underlying causes are, of course, many. & they have more to do with the changing social norms & life styles than the mental makeup of a distressed child. “Even though children may be more genetically pre-disposed to problems like ADHD & depression, environmental factors can do much to aggravate the condition,” says Dr Gupta. Dr Shastri blames the rapid changes in society. “Parents & schools are not able to cope with it. There is a conflict whether technology is going to help or hurt.” Kumar, who also counsels students on the CBSE helpline, feels part of the problem lies in the weakening of social support system around children. “Parental supervision is declining while the influence of the media & peer groups is increasing,” she says.

          There are no role models either. Many parents are materialistic, & teachers don’t have adequate qualifications or training to handle kids’ problems. Parent-teacher meetings are more of mutual blaming exercises. Friends can make even the most slipshod child brand conscious. & television & video games can desensitize them towards the horrors of gore. They, after all see violence being justified in Iraq, & 10 TV channels flash one incident of murder for 24 hours. Their skill at playing most video game comes from destroying the maximum number of objects in the minimum time. Lokesh Dadwani, 17, was killed in Ahmedabad this past week when his friend shoved his elbow down his throat in WWF style. & bullying, which took 14-year-old Abhishek’s life, is something kids are exposed to all the time. “Four out of the 10 students who come to me complain of being bullied,” says Kumar. “The bullying kids see no vice in it. They see their fathers stare hard when another driver honks at their car, their mothers make a rickshawala ferry them for Rs 2 less… We ourselves passively teach bullying to our children.” & wail when it reveals its ugliest side.

Academically & mentally challenged children are not the only ones that need much more support than is being provided in India. & while small moves are being made to nurture the differently abled, another group of ids continues to suffer silently. Yes, most of us don’t even think that gifted children need special attention too. But the few people who are working in the field in India say that gifted children form yet another group that the society continues to treat unfairly.

          “People think that gifted kids would do well anyway,” says Dr Devasena Desai, in-charge of the nurturing programmed at the Pune chapter of Mensa, the largest, oldest & most well-known high-IQ society in the world. Dr Desai, however, emphasizes that close to nothing is being done for the children who carry the greatest potential. We, in fact, do more harm to them if we just let them be. “They are more touchy & withdrawn, because their high ability hampers their interaction with other kids,” she says. “You have to give them challenging activities as well as help them in social & emotional development.”

          That, unfortunately, is a thought almost non-existent in India. So our gifted kids risk ending up as under-achievers or distracted workers. The education system has no special place for them. Few schools make special provisions for their mental stimulation & parents don’t know whom to approach for guidance.

          Not even a fraction of the money & attention given to providing special education for the mentally challenged children is given to these geniuses. “The need is doubled for these kids,” says M. Srinivasan, founder chairman of GEAR (Gifted Education & Research) Foundation, which runs a school in Bangalore. “But as they say, the carrying baby gets the milk. While parents & social workers are very active to get facilities for the disabled, people look down upon me for promoting gifted education.”

          Efforts, however, are being made by individuals like him to make a difference at their own level. The Institute for Gifted Children set up in Delhi by Dr Shakuntla S. Jaiman to develop a teaching methodology at her CSKM Public School, identifies gifted students from class 4 onwards. “The few schools that identify gifted children tend to group them in one section. That isolates them from the mainstream. But we develop them to become mentors to other children,” she says.

          The scenario is made more complex because there are conflicting theories of judging giftedness, although most agree that gifted people are the top 1% of the population. Besides IQ testing, which has attracted wide criticism, new concepts like Multiple Intelligences & attitude, emotional & social quotients have emerged. This has left people to follow their own methods to identify & nurture children, & to train teachers. For instance, Srinivasan, who holds a masters degree from the National Research Centre on the Gifted & Talented, University of Connecticut, USA, applies the Multiple Intelligences concept in his school. “We don’t ask, ‘How smart are you?’.” Jaiman, who has done her PhD. In the subject from IIT. Delhi uses a wide range of psychological tests. Srinivasan, in fact, discounts the IQ score beyond 120, saying it works more for mathematicians or scientists & not for the creative lot. Desai, however, says they need an IQ of at least 140. “There is a thin line between being talented & gifted,” she says, “while a talented person may be good at one or two-three things, a gifted person have a cognitive ability that’s far superior to the normal population.” Mensa, for that matter, has its own st&ard international qualifying test that a person from any cultural background can take. & Mensa, Pune, has, over the past five years, identified over 60 tribal students from Maharashtra as ‘Mensan’. The organization will help in their social, emotional & mental development through 18 modules over the next 18 months. Well, it’s high time the gifted got some gifts too.

The birth of a baby can trigger a range of powerful emotions, excitement, joy, even fears. But it can also result in something you might not expect, depression. Pop star Britney Spears was being treated for from post-partum depression at the luxury Malibu rehab centre. Brooke shields too, in the past, spoke candidly about her experience with postpartum depression after the birth of her daughter, and provided millions of women with an inspiring example of recovery. And that’s not all. Former Friends star Courteney Cox has spoken about her battle with postpartum depression after the birth of her daughter.

Symptoms of Postpartum Depression PPD):-

          The following symptoms may be more diagnostic during the postpartum period.

          New mothers should seek help if they experience any of the following signs.

·        Strong feelings of sadness, anxiety, or irritability.

·        Emotional stress, which interferes with taking care of self or family.

·        Tearfulness.

·        Trouble motivating oneself to do normal, everyday tasks.

·        Diminished interest in food (or compulsive overeating).

·        Diminished interest in self-grooming (dressing, bathing, fixing hair).

·        Inability to sleep when tired or sleeping too much.

·        Trouble concentrating, making decisions, remembering things.

·        Loss of pleasure or interest in things, which used to be fun.

·        Overly intense worries about the baby.

·        Fear of harming the baby.

·        Thoughts of self-harm or suicide.

Causes of PPD:-

          Hormonal changes: researchers say that hormonal changes in a woman’s body may trigger some symptoms. During pregnancy, the amount of two female hormones, estrogen and progesterone, in a woman’s body increase greatly. In the first 24 hours after childbirth, the amounts of these hormones drops rapidly and keeps dropping to the amount they were before the woman became pregnant. Aside from biological changes, a variety of physical, psychological, and environmental factors can lead to postpartum depression. Feelings of fatigue following delivery, broken sleep patterns, and insufficient rest often prevent a new mother from regaining her full strength for weeks, especially if she has had a caesarean delivery.

Treating PPD:-

          The most commonly used treatments for depression are antidepressant medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of the two. The treatment depends on the nature and severity of the depression and, to some extent, on individual preference? In mild or moderate depression, one or both of these treatments may be useful, while in severe or incapacitating depression, medication is generally recommended under supervision of a psychiatrist as a first step.

Helping a young mother cope with PPD:-

·        Get help with cooking, housework and baby care from friends, relatives or significant other.

·        Sleep when the baby sleeps.

·        Let go of the expectations that you must get everything done.

·        Take some time for yourself and your significant other.

·        If your medications make it impossible for you to breastfeed, just remember that a good mom is the one takes care of herself so she is able to take care of the baby.

·        When the baby starts to sleep through the night is a good time to begin thinking about diet and exercise programs to regain your old figure. Exercise and proper diet have will improve your mood and will give your self-esteem a boost as well.

·        If you plan to be breastfeeding for a while, you can still eat healthfully and breastfeeding will actually give you a jumpstart on losing the baby weight. If your depression is interfering with your ability to take care of your baby, that doesn’t make you a bad mom. It just means you have in illness that you need treatment for.

·        Get professional help and follow your doctor’s directions if you feel you may be suffering from postpartum depression.

·        Support of spouse and family is necessary.

If your baby do not able to speak clearly or do not walk or do not see long far, do not know sound where is comes; your baby may be possibility of abnormality. Baby’s development may be less then normal baby.

Some time baby are looking normal, but it is not normal. Baby abnormality tested by I.Q. test. And them tested by adopted skill. By I.Q test we can know about them brain development. If Them I.Q. is less then 75%, they are abnormal. Some babies are looking normal, but they are not normal. Baby’s development less then aged babies. These type of abnormality because of heredity or chemically defect in pregnant mother, injury to small baby or because of jeans.Treatment of some abnormality is possible. But in some cases it is life time. Hyperthyroidism and water in brain treatment are possible. But they brain development do not changed by treatment. Take care of them by passion.By them mistake ,do not get angry on them.You must take care of them bathing,walking,eating etc.You are give them more time then other child or person.You may try to think at them brain level.Nowadays study of them also possible , but they take more time for understand everything.Your behave is keep very good with them.As parents you give them morally support for life time.

Eyes of newborn baby

When child eye sticked,sometime do not open,saw like blood drop in eye.Don’t worry.Check up of eyes.Home made kajjal apply in baby’s eyes.It is not harmful.But kajjal are harmful which is by from market.

If baby have white point in eyes pupil,it has motiyo at borne time.

Water comes out from eyes

Thin vein which is pass from eyes to nose has problem their.Doctor learn you some exercise and massage..By that clear this problem.When baby comes contact with more pollution,dust or chemicals ,Water come out from eyes.

Eye’s infection

Conjectivitice is eyes infection. Eyes are suffer from viral or bacterial infection.You do not waste time and give them treatment.If you do not take care ,they may be suffer from corneal ulcer “fulo”.By that they have life time harm of eyes.Put antibiotic drops in eyes,after advice of doctor.Complete the coarse.Give shake of hot water.Wear spex so,other child are not infected.

Other disease

Eyes are hemredged by injury of eyes. Eye cancer ispossible.By deficiency of vitami-A they may become night blind.If child suffer from glucoma,immediate contact with doctor.Sty of eyelid take time for recover.

Child have spectacles

This condition because of irregularity of eye’s shape .They do not read from black board in school.They have pain in head.Spectacles of eyes is not disease.But it is because of vitamin deficiency or heredity.Number of spectacles are checked every year regularly.Spectacles is wear whole day.

Child eyes are regularly check up .They do not read in less light and do not see television more and near by.Take care for do not injured eyes.Give them more vegetable specialy bhaji and carrot juice.